In the chemistry and physics textbooks of nine-year compulsory education, a basic concept is usually mentioned:

Positively charged particles are called cations, and electrons are all negatively charged.

An electron carries one negative charge, a proton carries one positive charge, and the amount of charge they carry is the smallest unit of electric charge.

The scientific term is elementary charge, with a value of 1.6*10^-19C.

For high school knowledge level, this concept doesn't have much error.

But in reality....

There are positively charged electrons in the world.

It is a form of antimatter.

Before discussing antimatter, it's important to distinguish antimatter from dark matter.

Many friends easily confuse these two concepts.

Actually, antimatter and dark matter are two different concepts, their similarity mainly lies in their names.

To speak imprecisely, the actual relationship between the two is like the relationship between humans and pigs—essentially, no relationship.

Antimatter is a macroscopic concept, it is composed of antiparticles.

Antiparticles were proposed as a concept in the development of quantum mechanics.

People are quite familiar with the Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics—of course, it is probably the name Schrodinger that they are familiar with.

After all, Schrodinger's cat has become quite a meme.

However, the Schrodinger equation is actually only applicable in low energy scenarios, having certain limitations.

When energy is high, relativistic effects need to be considered.

Later, a prominent figure named Dirac emerged in the history of physics, who considered special relativity.

He extended the Schrodinger equation to high-energy situations, ultimately deriving the Dirac equation.

Dirac found through calculations that this equation has two solutions, corresponding to positive and negative energy.

Positive energy is easily understandable:

From 0 to positive infinity, a particle can have any positive energy.

While the negative energy solution corresponds to energy from 0 to negative infinity.

If a particle exists in a negative energy state, an electron may transition from a high-energy state to a low-energy state.

This means emitting photons and losing energy.

This is an antiparticle, or antimatter.

Dirac predicted the existence of positrons, later confirmed by another person named Anderson in experiments.

Finally, both received the Nobel Prize, and positrons were the first type of antimatter discovered by mankind.

Additionally, hole-type carriers in semiconductors, positrons in a vacuum, and holes near the Fermi surface in metals are actually derived in the same way.

Of course, the lsp seeing this line above might only notice the holes and flow and vacuum.

Hopeless, waiting to die, goodbye.

Ahem....

Back to the helicopter cabin.

At this moment.

Li Bai'an and Academician Pan both frowned deeply, clearly encountering a problem.

"Strange... so strange."

Li Bai'an frowned, repeatedly checking the observation report, with an expression of strong puzzlement:

"Why would the space boundary detect positrons? Could it be that the so-called boundary is a static field?"

Next to him, Academician Pan also showed a similar expression.

He scratched his already sparse hair, counting with his fingers:

"There aren't many reactions that can generate positrons, divided into broad categories, there are only a few.

Apart from β reactions, only certain weak interactions and the first branch of the pp chain reaction can generate them.

Oh right.

There's also stellar nuclear reactions that release positrons, but the space boundary on the other side can't possibly be a star's core, right?

Then there's no more... wait!"

Saying this, he suddenly thought of something, and turned his head sharply, staring intensely at Li Bai'an:

"Elder Li, lightning! Also lightning!"

At these words, Li Bai'an was first taken aback, then widened his eyes.

Indeed.

Besides the reactions mentioned by Academician Pan, there is another reaction that releases positrons!

That is bremsstrahlung!

Which is the reaction of lightning generation.

Thunderstorms are perhaps something everyone has seen, especially if you've paid attention to Xiao Jingteng Xiao Longwang.

During thunderstorms, high-speed electrons in thunderclouds collide with other particles to decelerate,

and when there's deceleration, naturally there will be energy loss, this is a very basic concept.

In bremsstrahlung, the kinetic energy reduced by high-speed electrons is emitted in the form of gamma rays.

When gamma rays hit certain atoms in the atmosphere, they knock out a fast neutron, and that atom becomes a certain isotope.

This kind of isotope is unstable and undergoes β+ decay.

A proton in the isotope's nucleus turns into a neutron, a neutrino, and a positron.

Finally, the positron annihilates with a normal electron, releasing gamma rays again.

This is also the principle of positron emission tomography, or PET.

PET injects nitrogen isotopes together with fructose into the body, and the body uses the radioactive fructose for metabolism.

In this way, the cancerous areas with high metabolic activity will emit more gamma rays as feedback.

And in bremsstrahlung, that atom in the atmosphere hit by gamma rays is called....

Nitrogen!

That isotope is called Nitrogen-13.

Does this name sound familiar?

Yes!

Everyday cyclones inhale this nitrogen!

Thinking of this.

Li Bai'an quickly turned around and said to his assistant Zhao Zhiming:

"Xiaozhao, quickly detect it.

The amount of nitrogen near the boundary, and what is the gamma ray measurement!"

Zhao Zhiming nodded eagerly at these words, and started operating swiftly:

"Understood, I'll check it now!"

The detection method for nitrogen and gamma rays is very simple, not even requiring additional equipment.

About seven or eight minutes later, Zhao Zhiming raised his head somewhat excitedly:

"Elder Li, the results are out!

The deposition around the space boundary is 88 kilograms per hectare, with a gamma ray measurement of 99.8 kilojoules per square meter!"

At these words, Academician Pan clicked his tongue and said:

"Wow, 99.8? If it increases a few more times, that's enough to make an area as big as Japan extinct."

He then thought for a moment, looked at Li Bai'an, and said:

"Elder Li, if there's no accident, we should be able to deduce the context of some situations:

The Celestial Palace Space absorbs a large amount of nitrogen every day at dawn, after entering the space, through the boundary, bremsstrahlung occurs, releasing positrons along with a large amount of heat, providing a sufficient living environment for the microorganisms within the space.

The remaining part of the nitrogen then reacts with the microorganisms, generating a large number of Y particles.

These Y particles then escape through the gap in the space, forming the unique cold environment of Qingcheng Mountain.

As for why the reaction occurs every day at 5:55 AM, it's mostly because only at that time do high-speed electrons collide from outside the boundary..."

Academician Pan said this, and suddenly his brow furrowed again.

Li Bai'an noticed his anomaly and took the initiative to ask:

"Xiaopan, have you thought of something else?"

Academician Pan hesitated for a moment, but decided to voice his feeling:

"Elder Li, I feel like something is not quite right.

With such a large gamma-ray flow, theoretically the number of Y particles generated shouldn't be this small.

And the momentum conservation in the center of mass system that we mentioned earlier is the same....."

As a top expert in physics, Academician Pan is very sensitive to numbers.

A gamma-ray level of 99.8 kilojoules per square meter theoretically can be increased ten times more, which would be enough to destroy even the not-so-great neighboring folks.

Even with the current level, it's not hard to destroy something like Beihai rice.

Yet such a huge amount of energy only generates a little over ten square kilometers of Y particles?

This clearly doesn't make sense.

And just at this moment.

A flash of lightning suddenly crossed Academician Pan's mind.

He suddenly looked at the cyclone, and an amazing thought suddenly emerged in his mind:

"Elder Li, I think I may have thought of a possibility."

"What possibility?"

Looking at him, Academician Pan said, word by word:

"That this space, is actually a....

Space, pocket!"

.....

Note:

Two chapters of 6200 words, more will come later, is it too much to ask for some monthly votes?

The mystery of the big thing mentioned earlier is revealed, who got it right?

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